Michel Foucault`da tarih felsefesi

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Tezin Türü: Yüksek Lisans

Tezin Yürütüldüğü Kurum: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı, Türkiye

Tezin Onay Tarihi: 2005

Tezin Dili: Türkçe

Öğrenci: AHMET TURAN

Danışman: OSMAN BİLEN

Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu

Özet:

ABSTRACT In the Western philosophy of history, traditional history comprehension shaped with Hegel's views makes assertion that history is a progressive process in a teleological way with effect of a constructive subject. According to that history comprehension which called as "continuous history" by Foucault, history may be comprehended in an entirely manner within a general perspective. As for Foucault, history and philosophy are diagnostic forms. Duties of historian and philosopher are not to investigate infinite and entire one, but to investigate transient and more arduous one. Genealogical history vision inherited to Foucault himself from Nietzsche as he says, says that; indescribable teleologies and ideal signs don't have any effects over history contrary to traditional history comprehension. Genealogy attitudinizing teleology and transcendental one is neither empiricism nor positivism. It arranges local, transient, particular and historical knowledge, systematically within the perspective of truth. Foucault considers that how Western culture has arranged historical knowledge within genealogical history vision at the archaeological level. According to Foucault, there is three independent historical period in Western culture history as the Renaissance, the Classical and the Modern age. Knowledge in those historical ages was organized by episteme suitable for each age. In Western episteme, there is two big discontinuity that the one in transition from the Renaissance to the Classical age and other in transition from the Classical age to the Modern age. Man is a new being hence is both subject and object of knowledge, appeared following the transformation of the Classical age's discursive formations; General Grammar, Analysis of Wealth and Natural History to the Modern age's Philology, Economics and Biology respectively. Foucault stresses formation of man as a finite being in the Modern age's positivity areas of life, labour, and language as a living, labouring and VIIIspeaking being within limits of here mentioned positivity areas. In the Modern age, being of man informs about "death of man" in finiteness analytic. Foucault's "death of man" thesis opposes all subject-centered and continuous history interpretations as well as traditional history comprehension settled at modern age's hub. IX