İslami İlimler Dergisi, cilt.17, sa.2, ss.125-144, 2022 (Hakemli Dergi)
تناولنا في هذا البحث منهج عالمٍ، محدث، حافظ، أصوليٍّ فقيه، في نقده للأحاديث وانتقائه لها والحكم عليها من خلال استقراء كتابه الغرام بأدلَّة الأحكام والذي ألّفه على طريقة الفقهاء، وحكم على أحاديثه على طريقة المحدثين، وكثيرا ما كان يعتمد أقوال الأئمة النُّقاد في حكمهم على الأحاديث ويوافقهم على ذلك، وأحيانًا يناقش أحكامهم ويَنْقُد آراءهم بعد إيرادها غير مقلدٍ، ويخالفها، ويستدرك عليها، فيقول: "ليس كما قال"، "أعلَّه بما لاَ يُقبل/لاَ يَقْدَح"، "ذلك مردود"، "وَهِمَ"، "ليس بقادِحٍ في صحّة الحديث". وهناك أحاديثُ تَوقّف في الحُكْم عليها ونقل أحكام الأئمة وآرائَهم المختلفة دون ترجيحٍ، وذلك إذا لم يتبيّن له حالُها، وليس فيها قولٌ لإمامٍ يُعتمد.
ومن خلال تتبّع أحكام الخيضِريّ في كتابه وما أتبعه من نقد للحديث وتصحيح وتضعيف، توقفنا على بعض الطرائف والمسائل التي عقّب عليها برأيه في ثنايا الأبواب، موافقا في ذلك لآراء نقّاد الحديث وجهابذةِ المحدثين، وهي: قول التّابعيّ: "مِنَ السُّنَّةِ كَذَا"، وعدالة الصحابة كلهم، ورواية الصحابيّ إذا أُبهم اسمُه لا تقدح بالرَّواية، ومسألة عَزْوِ الحديثِ إلى صحيح البخاريّ إذا كان الموجود فيه قسم من الحديث المعزو له فقط وهذا تساهلٌ، واعتماد رأي من صوَّب سماع الحَسنِ البصرِيِّ من سَمُرَةَ بنِ جندُب، وقبول إسناد عَمرِو بنِ شُعيب عن أبيه عن جَدّه
In this research, we have dealt
with the method of a scholar, muhaddith, hafiz, methodologist, jurist
Qutb al-Din al-Khaidiri (d. 894/1489) in his criticism and selection of
hadiths and judgment on them through extrapolation of his book al-Gharām
bi adillah al-ahkām which he composed according to the method of
jurists, and judged on it’s hadiths according to the method of
muhaddiths, and he often relied on the sayings of critics’ leaders in
their ruling on hadiths and agree with them on this, sometimes he
discusses their rulings and criticizes their opinions after they are
mentioned, he does not imitate, and contradicts them, and redresses
them, he says: “It is not as he said”, “He found him flawed based on
something unacceptable / uninjurious” “What he said is refused”, “He is
delusional”, “What he said is not something that would harm the
soundness of the hadith!”. There are hadiths that stop ruling on them
and transfer the rulings of the imams and their different opinions
without giving preference, if their condition is not clear to him, and
there is no reliable imam’s saying in them.
By following the rulings of
al-Khaidiri in his book and the criticism, correction and weakening of
hadiths that he followed, we have come to grips with some of the
subtleties and issues that he commented on with his opinion in the folds
ofthe chapters, in agreement with the opinions of the hadith critics and
the muhaddiths, which are these: al-Tabi’i’s saying: “From the Sunnah as
such” and the justice of the all of Companions, the narration of a
companion whose name is not mentioned should not harm that narration;
although an hadith refers to the Sahih of Bukhari, the fact that only a
part of that hadith is found in the Sahih is a sign of leniency, and
adopting the opinion of whom corrected the hearing of al-Hasan al-Basri
from Samurah b. Jundub, and accepting the chain of narrators of Amr b.
Shu’aib such as acceptance of his narrations he made from his father and
his father from his grandfather.
We believe that it is necessary
for every person engaged in the sciences of Hadith and specially its
jurisprudence to benefit from the approach and proceeding of Qutb al-Din
al-Khaidiri, who took into account in his judgment on hadiths according
to the rules of jarh and ta’deel, and adopted the opinions of scholars
of hadith criticism, except for what was likely to stop and not imitate
them in judgment as it was not clear to him the condition of the chain
of transmission. In this context, we
are pleased that our study made a modest contribution to the relevant scientific
community.