Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Sustainable Use of Feed Additives in Livestock, Georgios Arsenos,Ilias Giannenas, Editör, Springer, London/Berlin , London, ss.609-640, 2023
Over the last half-century, the poultry production industry witnessed a great dependency on the in-feed use of antimicrobials to promote health and productivity. However, the continuous and uncontrolled use led to the ban of growth-promoting antibiotics (AGPs) due to resistance and residue concerns. In addition, intensive farm management procedures of modern turkey rearing systems also result in physiological, biochemical and metabolic changes that are difficult to address. Consequently, turkey growers are faced with the challenge of maintaining productivity and preventing diseases on their farms. These challenges facilitated the development and evaluation of novel antibiotic alternatives, such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, organic acids, enzymes, yeast-based products, phytogenics, bacteriophages and algal derivates. The main purported mode of action of these feed additives was to manipulate gut microbiota to achieve optimal gut function and integrity along with balanced microbiota for better growth and improved health status of turkeys. However, reports of the effect of dietary supplementation with these additives on turkey performance traits are contradictory and inconclusive. In addition, a vast number of studies with broiler chickens have revealed distinctive characteristics of these additives under intestinal health challenges or any other management stressor, but experiments with turkeys under such circumstances are considerably limited and still require elucidation. It is apparent that for a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of these additives purported to maintain gut health and production efficiency in turkey production, a more comprehensive approach is needed beyond the mere use of the additives. Therefore, the current review aims to compile results published with turkeys and suggest how the use of these novel feed additives may improve the overall health status of turkeys and production efficiency in a sustainable, economic, environmental- and animal welfare-friendly way while enabling safe food for consumers.