Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Biomarkers in Carcinoma of Unknown Primary, Sülen Sarıoğlu,Özgül Sağol,Anil Aysal, Editör, Springer, London/Berlin , Basel, ss.335-379, 2022
The determination of primary focus in metastasis is crucial. CDX2 and SATB2 for colorectal, TTF-1 and Napsin-A for lung, GCDFP-15 and GATA-3 for breast, and PSA, PSAP, and NKX3.1 for prostate carcinomas are the most useful site-specific biomarkers. Most metastatic carcinomas in the liver are adenocarcinomas. The most common primary sites are the colon-rectum, breast, lung, stomach, and pancreas. A panel including CK7, CK20, CDX2, GATA-3, TTF-1, and PAX-8 in women and CK7, CK20, CDX2, TTF-1, and NKX3.1 in men seems reasonable for metastatic adenocarcinoma in the liver if the tissue is limited. If available, adding SATB2, Napsin-A, and PSA/PSAP to the panel increases the diagnostic value. In other types of carcinomas, morphological features are more important to decide on a panel which may contain CK7, CK20, p40, GATA-3, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, RCCMa/PAX-8, SF-1, arginase-1, HepPar1, etc. Breast, colon, and prostate carcinomas often metastasize to the lung, whereas the most common sources are the prostate, breast, lung, and kidney in the bone. Similar panels may be useful in detection of the primary in most cases. The differential diagnosis of primary site in lymph nodes varies according to the region. Although there is no specific marker for primary focus in squamous cell carcinomas, determination of EBV and HPV, especially in cervical lymph node metastases, is significant for the nasopharynx or oropharynx primary.