Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Principles and Biosensing Applications


Ertuğrul Uygun H. D., Uygun Z. O.

in: Handbook of Nanobioelectrochemistry: Application in Devices and Biomolecular Sensing, Uday Pratap Azad,Pranjal Chandra, Editor, Springer Nature, London, pp.919-923, 2023

  • Publication Type: Book Chapter / Chapter Research Book
  • Publication Date: 2023
  • Publisher: Springer Nature
  • City: London
  • Page Numbers: pp.919-923
  • Editors: Uday Pratap Azad,Pranjal Chandra, Editor
  • Dokuz Eylül University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) used in biosensor systems is a label-free measurement method used in the measurement of electrochemical reactions. With this method, electrode surface characteristics, surface kinetics, and mass transport transfer can be measured. All these measurements can be performed with a single method. With EIS, the electrochemical circuit diagram of the surface can be drawn by scanning starting from a certain frequency. With this circuit diagram, the surface of the electrode can be seen electrochemically. In addition to the electrochemical measurement, it is actually possible to obtain strong mathematical data. All of this mathematical data can be verified by experimental measurements and provides opportunities to verify experimental results. In this way, there are both modifications in the development of biosensors and the possibility of quantitative measurement. This makes the system one step ahead of other methods in biosensor applications. The use of time as a function of this measurement made with alternating current also increases the sensitivity of the measurement. In this frequency measurement, the resistance of the electrode surface is measured as impedance and more suitable results are obtained. In biosensor applications, since the resistance of the electrode surface is measured in ohms, it is also important to process the data obtained afterward, to find the appropriate circuit model optimize the non-faradaic measurements, and how the measurement is optimized within the redox probe. For this reason, this measurement system, which is seen as a simple surface resistance measurement, is actually seen as a very complex and knowledge-based method. Therefore, the advantages are extremely numerous. Among the most important advantages of EIS are its fast electrode kinetics, the detection of non-electroactive species, and its power to perform measurements without the need for microscopic surface imaging techniques. In this book chapter, the application of EIS in biosensors, calculation methods, and different sub-applications are evaluated.