A Comparative Study on the Phenolic Compositions and Biological Activities of Stachys annua, Stachys cretica, and Endemic Stachys tmolea from Türkiye
JOURNAL OF THE BRAZILIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, cilt.37, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 37
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.21577/0103-5053.20260132
- Dergi Adı: JOURNAL OF THE BRAZILIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Directory of Open Access Journals
- Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
In this study, the phenolic compound profiles and bioactivity properties of aerial part extracts obtained from Stachys annua, Stachys cretica, and the endemic species Stachys tmolea, all of which are recognized as medicinal plants in T & uuml;rkiye, were investigated. In this context, phenolic components in the flavonoid-subgroup extracts like flavanones, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, flavan-3ols acid hydrolysis, flavones, and in the phenolic acids and their liquid-solid phase acid-base hydrolysis extracts were determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (RP-HPLC-DAD). Also, the total-phenolic, total-flavonoid, and total-tannin contents of the Stachys species were estimated. Among the evaluated antioxidant capacities of the flavonoid and phenolic acid extracts, S. annua exhibited the strongest scavenging capacities against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl-radicals with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 5.53 +/- 0.32 and 1.09 +/- 0.02 & micro;g mL-1, respectively. S. tmolea indicated the highest nitric-oxide radical scavenging and metal-chelating capacities. The highest enzyme inhibitory activities were determined in S. annua for acetylcholinesterase and in S. cretica for tyrosinase. The phenolic acid extracts displayed moderate cytotoxic activity against ACC-201, OE-33, HeLa, and HepG2 cells with IC50 values ranging from 20.1 +/- 1.25 to 45.3 +/- 1.35 & micro;g mL-1. The results show that the phenolic composition and bioactivity properties of investigated Stachys species are potentially promising for applicability in the food and pharmaceutical industries.