Assessment and Management of Poisonous Mushrooms in Türkiye: An Overview

Şahin A., Arıcı M. A., Korkut S., Tunçok Y.

Recent Trends in Pharmacology, cilt.1, sa.2, ss.92-109, 2023 (Hakemli Dergi)

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Derleme
  • Cilt numarası: 1 Sayı: 2
  • Basım Tarihi: 2023
  • Dergi Adı: Recent Trends in Pharmacology
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.92-109
  • Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Patients exposed to poisonous mushrooms may present to emergency rooms with severe clinical conditions ranging from simple gastrointestinal complaints to liver failure. The clinical findings of mushroom poisoning differ according to the toxin of the mushroom species consumed. Poisonings are typically classified as acute-onset (<6 hours), late-onset (6-24 hours) and delayed-onset (> 24 hours) toxicity. Acute onset mushroom poisonings occur within 6 hours after consuming the mushroom and cause cholinergic toxicity, gastrointestinal findings, disulfiram-like reaction, seizures and hallucinations. Late-onset mushroom poisonings occure within 6-24 hours with the hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and erythromelalgia. Delayed onset mushroom poisonings occure one day after consuming mushrooms with nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and rhabdomyolysis. While the prognosis is good in the case of early onset of symptoms in mushroom poisoning, the prognosis is poor in the case of late onset of symptoms. Most of the mushroom poisoning cases that present gastrointestinal symptoms improve with adequate supportive treatment. Hepatotoxic mushrooms containing cyclopeptide are mainly responsible for deaths due to mushroom poisonings. In all cases, basic laboratory evaluation and symptomatic supportive treatment approaches are required. There are no antidotes with proven efficacy in the treatment of mushroom poisoning. Specific treatment approaches should be applied according to mushroom species. Keywords: Mushroom poisoning, Acute onset, Late-onset, Delayed onset, Treatment