Work–Family Conflict and Gender Role Attitude Profiles Among Employed Individuals in Turkey: A Parallel Clustering Analysis

Süral Özer P., Deveci Kocakoç İ., Özkan P., Köymen İ.

7. International Applied Statistics Congress, İstanbul, Türkiye, 11 - 13 Mayıs 2026, ss.1-8, (Tam Metin Bildiri)

  • Yayın Türü: Bildiri / Tam Metin Bildiri
  • Basıldığı Şehir: İstanbul
  • Basıldığı Ülke: Türkiye
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1-8
  • Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

This study examines the structural relationship between work–family conflict levels and gender role attitudes among employed individuals in Turkey using a person-centered analytical approach. The study draws on data from the 2024 Turkey Income and Living Conditions Survey (TGSS) conducted by the ISAR Research Center, based on a probability-based multi-stage stratified cluster sample.

A parallel clustering strategy was employed: work–family conflict and gender role attitudes were each subjected to independent K-means++ clustering analyses using two separate blocks of seven indicators. The optimal number of clusters was determined by jointly evaluating elbow and mean silhouette coefficients across a predefined range, supplemented by theoretical interpretability criteria. Multivariate outlier detection was conducted using a Mahalanobis distance-based approach.

The analyses revealed three work–family conflict clusters (low, moderate, and high) and three gender role attitude clusters (normative/traditional, modern/liberal, and transitional/ambivalent). Structural overlap between the two clustering solutions was assessed using three complementary indices: a chi-square-based association measure, Adjusted Rand Index (ARI), and Normalized Mutual Information (NMI). The obtained values consistently indicate that the two clustering structures are statistically independent. By contrast, the association between generational cohort and each clustering solution substantially exceeded the overlap between the two clusterings.

These findings suggest that work–family conflict is shaped more strongly by structural working conditions than by individual normative orientations, highlighting the importance of structural interventions such as flexible work arrangements, childcare infrastructure, and organizational support mechanisms.

Keywords: Work–family conflict, Gender Role Attitudes, K-Means Clustering, Parallel Clustering Strategy, Person-Centered Approach, Türkiye