Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Environmental Modeling and Assessment, 2025 (SCI-Expanded)
This paper aims to provide academia and industry stakeholders with a comprehensive evaluation of ammonia as a marine fuel, from the perspective of ship operators and the maritime sector. Political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental (PESTLE) analysis has been performed to achieve this motivation. The factors and sub-factors of PESTLE analysis have been discussed, and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) has ranked their importance. The weights used in the TOPSIS method have been obtained from surveys conducted with 16 maritime experts with an average of 11.63 years of experience. Results demonstrated that the ammonia slip and increased NOx emissions have been detected as the most substantial aspect with the relative closeness coefficient at 0.784. The economic feasibility of ammonia systems has been considered more significant than their carbon-free nature, although the latter still held an important position in the overall assessment. Commercial readiness, agricultural impacts, and onboard storage requirements have been identified as surmountable challenges. Additionally, the ability to retrofit existing systems has been recognised as a significant technological advantage. Maritime safety culture has been emphasised as a means to effectively manage the toxicity and storage requirements of ammonia by implementing stringent safety measures in compliance with international regulations.