Steroid Hormone Profiles and Molecular Diagnostic Tools in Pediatric Patients With non-CAH Primary Adrenal Insufficiency

SEVEN MENEVŞE T., Demirkol Y. K., GÜRPINAR TOSUN B., Bayramoglu E., YILDIZ M., Acar S., ...Daha Fazla

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM, cilt.107, sa.5, 2022 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 107 Sayı: 5
  • Basım Tarihi: 2022
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1210/clinem/dgac016
  • Dergi Adı: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, PASCAL, BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Core, CINAHL, EMBASE, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, Gender Studies Database, MEDLINE, Veterinary Science Database
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: adrenal insufficiency, children, LC-MS, MS, steroid profile, non-CAH primary adrenal insufficiency, MUTATIONS CAUSE, MANAGEMENT, DEFICIENCY, VARIANTS, ETIOLOGY, CHILDREN
  • Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Context There is a significant challenge of attributing specific diagnoses to patients with primary adrenal insufficiency of unknown etiology other than congenital adrenal hyperplasia (non-CAH PAI). Specific diagnoses per se may guide personalized treatment or may illuminate pathophysiology. Objective This work aimed to investigate the efficacy of steroid hormone profiles and high-throughput sequencing methods in establishing the etiology in non-CAH PAI of unknown origin. Methods Pediatric patients with non-CAH PAI whose etiology could not be established by clinical and biochemical characteristics were enrolled. Genetic analysis was performed using targeted-gene panel sequencing (TPS) and whole-exome sequencing (WES). Plasma adrenal steroids were quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and compared to that of controls. This study comprised 18 pediatric endocrinology clinics with 41 patients (17 girls, median age: 3 mo, range: 0-8 y) with non-CAH PAI of unknown etiology. Results A genetic diagnosis was obtained in 29 (70.7%) patients by TPS. Further molecular diagnosis could not be achieved by WES. Compared to a healthy control group, patients showed lower steroid concentrations, most statistically significantly in cortisone, cortisol, and corticosterone (P < .0001, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: .96, .88, and .87, respectively). Plasma cortisol of less than 4 ng/mL, cortisone of less than 11 ng/mL, and corticosterone of less than 0.11 ng/mL had a greater than 95% specificity to ensure the diagnosis of non-CAH PAI of unknown etiology. Conclusion Steroid hormone profiles are highly sensitive for the diagnosis of non-CAH PAI of unknown etiology, but they are unlikely to point to a specific molecular diagnosis. TPS is an optimal approach in the molecular diagnosis of these patients with high efficacy, whereas little additional benefit is expected from WES.