Understanding heavy Metal pollution dynamics in Çandarlı Gulf, western Türkiye: Insights from spatial analysis, sediment transport modeling and ecological risk assessment

DUMAN M., ERONAT A. H., Talas E., Gerdanlı M. C., Tükel C.

Continental Shelf Research, cilt.285, 2025 (SCI-Expanded) identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 285
  • Basım Tarihi: 2025
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.csr.2024.105393
  • Dergi Adı: Continental Shelf Research
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Aerospace Database, Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), Artic & Antarctic Regions, CAB Abstracts, Communication Abstracts, Environment Index, Geobase, INSPEC, Metadex, Pollution Abstracts, Veterinary Science Database, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Heavy metal, Pollution indices, Sediment contamination, Sediment transport, Çandarlı gulf
  • Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

This study investigates the sources, levels, and distribution of heavy metals in the surficial sediments of the Çandarlı Gulf, examining both natural and anthropogenic influences. Using sediment transport models, pollution assessments, and principal component analysis (PCA), have been identified mean metal concentrations in sediments as Zn > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cu > As. PCA revealed five key sources: natural processes, biogenic impacts, anthropogenic activities, industrial runoff, and wastewater. The sediment characteristics vary regionally, with high-energy conditions and sand dominance in the south, and finer materials in the north. High carbonate content in sandy areas links to mechanical abrasion. Trace elements like As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn exceed background values in southern and northeastern zones due to activities like container handling and ship dismantling. Ecological risk assessments show frequent adverse effects for Ni and As, and occasional effects for Cu and Zn. The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive pollution control strategies to protect the Çandarlı Gulf's marine ecosystem.