Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
2023 International Conference on Agricultural and Food Science (7th ICAFS 2023), İzmir, Türkiye, 29 Eylül - 01 Ekim 2023
Photosynthetic
Phytoplankton (single-celled algae) form the basic structure of healthy aquatic
ecosystems such as the creation of the food chain and the production of organic
carbon and oxygen. Dinoflagellates that are quite widespread and have numerous
varieties are a significant class of phytoplankton. Dinoflagellates have
bioindicator properties since they are sensitive to many environmental factors
such as temperature, salinity nutrient element and they multiply in all
negative conditions to produce various biotoxins. Shellfish such as mussels,
oysters, and scallops, etc. use microalgae as nutrient sources. Temperature
changes in the ecosystem, release of domestic and industrial waste to drinking
water resources without treated lead to blossom of certain types of algae in
water sources such as rivers, lakes, and seas (Harmful Algae Blooms) and
formation of different taste, smell, and colors expressed as Red-Tide due to
eutrophication. While some contain non-ribosomal peptides, polyketides and
alkaloids depending on their metabolic activities, although they have different
properties in fresh-brackish water and marine species, all are
temperature-stable compounds and produce toxic metabolites (toxins) that do not
decompose at cooking temperatures. Such toxins are Amnesic shellfish poisoning
(ASP), Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) (saxitoxin, etc.), Neurotoxic
shellfish poisoning (NSP), Diaretic shellfish poisoning (DSP), Ciguatera fish
poisoning (CFP), Azaspiracid shellfish poisoning (AZP), Venerupine
shellfish poisoning (VSP), Cyanobacterial during poisonous algae reproduction
in the seas. PSP (the group including saxitoxin) is accepted as the poisonous
shellfish that has the broadest spread in the entire world.
There are
only limited studies conducted nowadays to minimize effects of mucilage and
toxins with excessive algae production. Ensuring effective control programs
requires conducting timely and appropriate sampling while defining sampling
areas and stations is related with frequency of sampling, algal sampling,
determination and counting of algal varieties. Information on geographical and
climate changes in addition to physical, chemical, and biological states of the
region that is basic information next to regular measurement of hydrographical
parameters such as salinity, temperature, flow rate and direction and
observations with biological parameters such as oxygen and chlorophyl are of
the essence.
Keywords: Algae Bloom, Marine Biotoxins, Saxitoxin,
Azaspiracids, Seafood Poisoning