Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, cilt.27, sa.11, ss.1-47, 2026 (SCI-Expanded)
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms
associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite their relatively low incidence.
Advances in the fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification have
emphasized the integration of histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular
features, fundamentally transforming diagnostic and prognostic frameworks in neuro-
oncology. This manuscript aims to provide an overview of CNS tumor biology, focusing
on key diagnostic markers, genetic and epigenetic alterations, and emerging therapeutic
strategies. It further describes recent advances in multi-omics approaches and artificial
intelligence, which enable deeper characterization of tumor heterogeneity and support the
development of precision medicine strategies. Finally, current and emerging therapeutic
modalities, including combination therapies, targeted treatments, and novel molecular
targets, are examined with emphasis on overcoming resistance mechanisms and improving
clinical outcomes. Overall, the integration of molecular biology, advanced diagnostics,
and innovative therapeutic approaches represents a critical step toward personalized
management of CNS tumors and improved patient survival.