Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
FRESENIUS ENVIRONMENTAL BULLETIN, cilt.26, sa.6, ss.4208-4213, 2017 (SCI-Expanded)
Microbial fouling (biofilms) can lead to undesirable formation in the marine environment. Especially, underwater equipment need regular maintenance, which causes to significant economic loss. In order to prevent biofilms, various metals and biocides have being utilized antifouling additives. The main purpose of this study was to investigate biocidal activities of various antifouling additives against biofilm bacteria (Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans, Vibrio lentus, Alteromonas genoviensis and Exiguobacterium homiense) which were isolated from Turkey's marine environment. Inhibition concentrations of the additives were analyzed with the MIC test and disc diffusion method at varying concentrations. The minimum inhibitory concentration for each bacterial isolate was determined using Mueller-Hinton Agar including six metals (Hg, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu and As), three biocides (zinc pyrithione, chlorothalonil and citric acid) and their mixtures. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by an agar disc diffusion method using four antibiotics (ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, tobramycin and vancomycin). As a result of the screening of inhibition concentrations of the additives; zinc pyrithione and mercury exhibited the highest antimicrobial effects against biofilm bacteria. Additionally, it was determined that the most effective antibiotic was a ciprofloxacin. The results of the all analysis indicated that Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans was the most resistance species compared to the other isolates. Overall, the use of biocides, metals and other chemicals for the control of biofilms in antifouling systems tended to be random and these chemicals were environmentally harmful. From this point of view, antifouling additives should be cautiously selected and investigated in terms of effective dose.