Antibiotic Resistance Risk and Ecosystem Antibiyotik Rezistans Riski ve Ekosistem

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ENGİN E. D., ENGİN A. B., Engin A.

Gazi Medical Journal, cilt.37, sa.4, ss.583-595, 2026 (ESCI, Scopus, TRDizin)

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Derleme
  • Cilt numarası: 37 Sayı: 4
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.12996/gmj.2026.4698
  • Dergi Adı: Gazi Medical Journal
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), Scopus, TR DİZİN (ULAKBİM), Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO)
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.583-595
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Antibiotic resistance, ecosystem, horizontal gene transfer, marine organism, mobile genetic element
  • Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
  • Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Antibiotics are among the most prescribed drugs in human medicine. However, antibiotic resistance is a continuing global human health problem. Ecosystems and clinical practices play equally important roles in the emergence, evolution, and spread of antibiotic resistance. High doses and inappropriate antibiotic use result in large amounts of antibiotics being released into the ecosystem, leading to the selection of large numbers of resistant bacteria and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Accelerated selection of antibiotic-resistant strains and increasing numbers of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) result in increased infection-related patient mortality rates. Hosts of environmental resistomes are largely restricted to the core of the environmental microbiome. Because of the phylogenetic barriers to horizontal transfer of ARGs, gene transfer occurs more frequently within species than between species. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) drives the evolution of untreatable “superbugs” by concentrating ARGs within individual cells. Decreasing the colonization capacity of exogenous ARB, increasing human resistance to colonization, reducing horizontal transmission of ARG, and reversing antibiotic resistance in ARB are the most important strategies to combat antibiotic resistance by preventing transmission of ARB and ARG to humans.