Polypyrrole-Integrated Lanthanum Ferrite Electrochemical Platform for Sensitive Detection of Tinidazole
Catalysts, vol.16, no.6, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Publication Type: Article / Article
- Volume: 16 Issue: 6
- Publication Date: 2026
- Doi Number: 10.3390/catal16060490
- Journal Name: Catalysts
- Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Compendex, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
- Keywords: blood and urine samples, differential pulse voltammetry, glassy carbon electrode, in situ chemical polymerization, lanthanum ferrite polypyrrole nanocomposites, Tinidazole
- Dokuz Eylül University Affiliated: Yes
Abstract
In the present research, lanthanum ferrite nanoparticles (LaFeO3 NPs) and lanthanum ferrite polypyrrole (LaFeO3/PPy) nanocomposites were synthesized and evaluated for electrochemical sensing of TNZ in biological and pharmaceutical samples. LaFeO3 NPs were synthesized using the sol–gel auto-combustion method, whereas LaFeO3/PPy nanocomposites were produced through an in situ chemical oxidative polymerization process. The obtained materials were subjected to comprehensive characterization by multiple analytical techniques, including XRD, which confirms an orthorhombic crystal structure; SEM micrographs of LaFeO3 NPs and LaFeO3/PPy nanocomposites exhibit a highly agglomerated structure with non-uniform particle distribution and a more homogeneous, smoother surface morphology, respectively, with an average size of <70 nm. The LaFeO3/PPy nanocomposites exhibited an electron-transfer process governed by diffusion, as evidenced by cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis. Using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the sensor achieved quantitative detection across a linear concertation range of 0.1–230 µM (R2 = 0.997), with a detection limit (0.023 µM). The developed sensor demonstrated excellent stability, remarkable sensitivity, and high reproducibility, confirming reliability and suitability (RSD% < 4.0) for the quantitative determination of TNZ in both biological and pharmaceutical matrices.