Source apportionment of PM10 and PM2.5 using positive matrix factorization and chemical mass balance in Izmir, Turkey

YATKIN S., BAYRAM A.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, vol.390, no.1, pp.109-123, 2008 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 390 Issue: 1
  • Publication Date: 2008
  • Doi Number: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.08.059
  • Journal Name: SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
  • Page Numbers: pp.109-123
  • Keywords: PM2.5, PM10, CMB, PMF, Izmir, ATMOSPHERIC TRACE-ELEMENTS, PARTICULATE MATTER, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SOURCE PROFILES, FINE, AEROSOLS, URBAN, AREA, AIR, PARTICLES
  • Dokuz Eylül University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) fractions (PM10 and PM2.5) were sampled concurrently between June 2004 and May 2005 at two sites (urban and suburban) in Izmir, Turkey. The elemental composition of PM (Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, and Zn) was determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer. Elemental compositions of several PM sources were also characterized. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) and chemical mass balance modeling (CMB) were applied to determine the PM sources and their contributions to air concentrations. The major contributors to PM were fossil fuel burning, traffic emissions, mineral industries and marine salt according to the PMF results. However, undetermined parts were more than 40%. On the other hand, the contributions to PM could be determined completely by CMB, and the dominant contributor was traffic with >70% at the two sites. Fossil fuel burning, mineral industries, marine salt and natural gas-fired power plant were the minor contributors. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.