Toplum ve Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, sa.12, ss.118-142, 2023 (Hakemli Dergi)
Moral education has been the focal point of discussions in different philosophies of education from past to present. Analytic philosophy of education has also brought a different perspective to the discussions thereby positioning moral education at the center of general education. In this article, the views of Richard Stanley Peters, who is an analytically oriented philosopher, on moral development and moral education have been analyzed using the content analysis method. Analytic philosophers of education, who adopt conceptual and logical analysis as a philosophical method, subject education, and related concepts to detailed analysis. Peters, who is one of the pioneers of the tradition, makes a conceptual analysis of education on the one hand and morality on the other, and thus he tries to clarify the meaning of terms such as good, right, virtue that may be related to the moral domain, as well as to distinguish between the forms of teaching that are valid in the domain of morality and those that are not, thereby setting criteria for education. He builds his understanding of moral education in a critical dialectic through the theories which were developed by cognitive-developmentalists such as Piaget and Kohlberg and presents a multifaceted, holistic, and comprehensive understanding of moral education. According to Peters, rationality is at the heart of the moral life. The ultimate aim of moral education is to raise moral agents who are rational and have a command of procedural principles in the context of the criteria of education. In order to realize the aim of moral education, Peters maintains a balanced path between the content and form of the moral domain. For this purpose, first of all, young children should be taught the concepts, rules and virtues that constitute the content of the moral domain through direct teaching, and then the procedural principles that constitute the form of the moral domain should be taught to students with a sophisticated teaching approach which is appropriate to the nature of education.
Keywords: Analytic philosophy of education, R. S. Peters, Moral development, Moral education,
Kohlberg