such policies are adopted by peers with whom they share strong trade ties or common
values. This dynamic is especially evident in the European Union, given its significant
market size, regulatory influence, and global standing. The EU’s capacity to shape third-
country policies and disseminate sustainable practices highlights its central role in
advancing circular economy (CE) initiatives. This study emphasizes the necessity of a
multilateral approach to achieving CE objectives and analyzes the EU’s role in
facilitating cross-border cooperation and policy diffusion. By examining these
interactions, this study provides insights essential for designing tailored policies and
enhancing their implementation across the EU, emphasizing the importance of a
multilateral approach to achieving CE objectives.
Keywords: circular economy, international economics, spillover effect, comparative
policy, European countriesA large body of literature indicates that countries tend to adopt policies that provide
competitive advantages or to enhance their international reputation, particularly when
such policies are adopted by peers with whom they share strong trade ties or common
values. This dynamic is especially evident in the European Union, given its significant
market size, regulatory influence, and global standing. The EU’s capacity to shape third-
country policies and disseminate sustainable practices highlights its central role in
advancing circular economy (CE) initiatives. This study emphasizes the necessity of a
multilateral approach to achieving CE objectives and analyzes the EU’s role in
facilitating cross-border cooperation and policy diffusion. By examining these
interactions, this study provides insights essential for designing tailored policies and
enhancing their implementation across the EU, emphasizing the importance of a
multilateral approach to achieving CE objectives.
Keywords: circular economy, international economics, spillover effect, comparative
policy, European countriesA large body of literature indicates that countries tend to adopt policies that provide
competitive advantages or to enhance their international reputation, particularly when
such policies are adopted by peers with whom they share strong trade ties or common
values. This dynamic is especially evident in the European Union, given its significant
market size, regulatory influence, and global standing. The EU’s capacity to shape third-
country policies and disseminate sustainable practices highlights its central role in
advancing circular economy (CE) initiatives. This study emphasizes the necessity of a
multilateral approach to achieving CE objectives and analyzes the EU’s role in
facilitating cross-border cooperation and policy diffusion. By examining these
interactions, this study provides insights essential for designing tailored policies and
enhancing their implementation across the EU, emphasizing the importance of a
multilateral approach to achieving CE objectives.
Keywords: circular economy, international economics, spillover effect, comparative
policy, European countries
gksfmdsfA large body of literature indicates that countries tend to adopt policies that provide competitive advantages or to enhance their international reputation, particularly when such policies are adopted by peers with whom they share strong trade ties or common values. This dynamic is especially evident in the European Union, given its significant market size, regulatory influence, and global standing. The EU’s capacity to shape third country policies and disseminate sustainable practices highlights its central role in advancing circular economy (CE) initiatives. This study emphasizes the necessity of a multilateral approach to achieving CE objectives and analyzes the EU’s role in facilitating cross-border cooperation and policy diffusion. By examining these interactions, this study provides insights essential for designing tailored policies and enhancing their implementation across the EU, emphasizing the importance of a multilateral approach to achieving CE objectives.A large body of literature indicates that countries tend to adopt policies that provide competitive advantages or to enhance their international reputation, particularly when such policies are adopted by peers with whom they share strong trade ties or common values. This dynamic is especially evident in the European Union, given its significant market size, regulatory influence, and global standing. The EU’s capacity to shape third country policies and disseminate sustainable practices highlights its central role in advancing circular economy (CE) initiatives. This study emphasizes the necessity of a multilateral approach to achieving CE objectives and analyzes the EU’s role in facilitating cross-border cooperation and policy diffusion. By examining these interactions, this study provides insights essential for designing tailored policies and enhancing their implementation across the EU, emphasizing the importance of a multilateral approach to achieving CE objectives.competitive advantages or to enhance their international reputation, particularly when
such policies are adopted by peers with whom they share strong trade ties or common
values. This dynamic is especially evident in the European Union, given its significant
market size, regulatory influence, and global standing. The EU’s capacity to shape third-
country policies and disseminate sustainable practices highlights its central role in
advancing circular economy (CE) initiatives. This study emphasizes the necessity of a
multilateral approach to achieving CE objectives and analyzes the EU’s role in
facilitating cross-border cooperation and policy diffusion. By examining these
interactions, this study provides insights essential for designing tailored policies and
enhancing their implementation across the EU, emphasizing the importance of a
multilateral approach to achieving CE objectives.
Keywords: circular economy, international economics, spillover effect, comparative
policy, European countriesA large body of literature indicates that countries tend to adopt policies that provide
competitive advantages or to enhance their international reputation, particularly when
such policies are adopted by peers with whom they share strong trade ties or common
values. This dynamic is especially evident in the European Union, given its significant
market size, regulatory influence, and global standing. The EU’s capacity to shape third-
country policies and disseminate sustainable practices highlights its central role in
advancing circular economy (CE) initiatives. This study emphasizes the necessity of a
multilateral approach to achieving CE objectives and analyzes the EU’s role in
facilitating cross-border cooperation and policy diffusion. By examining these
interactions, this study provides insights essential for designing tailored policies and
enhancing their implementation across the EU, emphasizing the importance of a
multilateral approach to achieving CE objectives.
Keywords: circular economy, international economics, spillover effect, comparative
policy, European countriesA large body of literature indicates that countries tend to adopt policies that provide
competitive advantages or to enhance their international reputation, particularly when
such policies are adopted by peers with whom they share strong trade ties or common
values. This dynamic is especially evident in the European Union, given its significant
market size, regulatory influence, and global standing. The EU’s capacity to shape third-
country policies and disseminate sustainable practices highlights its central role in
advancing circular economy (CE) initiatives. This study emphasizes the necessity of a
multilateral approach to achieving CE objectives and analyzes the EU’s role in
facilitating cross-border cooperation and policy diffusion. By examining these
interactions, this study provides insights essential for designing tailored policies and
enhancing their implementation across the EU, emphasizing the importance of a
multilateral approach to achieving CE objectives.
Keywords: circular economy, international economics, spillover effect, comparative
policy, European countries