Hepatitis B Virus Recurrence After Liver Transplant for Hepatitis B Virus-Related Liver Disease: A Retrospective Analysis of Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin Discontinuation
EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION, cilt.24, sa.9, ss.728-737, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 24 Sayı: 9
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.6002/ect.2026.0025
- Dergi Adı: EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Biomedical Reference Collection: Corporate Edition (EBSCO), Scopus, Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), EMBASE, MEDLINE
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.728-737
- Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Objectives: Hepatitis B virus recurrence after liver transplant remains a clinically relevant issue, but the optimal duration and safety of hepatitis B im-munoglobulin therapy, particularly its discontinuation, remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the incidence and risk factors of posttransplant hepatitis B virus recurrence and assessed outcomes following elective dis-continuation of hepatitis B immunoglobulin in a real-world cohort.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-center cohort study of consecutive adult patients who underwent liver transplant for hepatitis B virus-related liver disease between 1997 and 2023. Hepatitis B virus recurrence was defined as the reappearance of hepatitis B surface antigen and/or detectable hepatitis B virus DNA. We used Cox proportional hazards models to identify factors associated with recurrence and overall survival. We conducted a predefined subgroup analysis to evaluate patients who underwent elective discontinuation of hepatitis B immunoglobulin during antiviral therapy.
Results: Among 254 liver transplant recipients, 39 (15.4%) developed posttransplant hepatitis B virus recurrence. In multivariable analysis, pretransplant hepatitis B virus DNA levels >5 log10 copies/mL (hazard ratio 3.68; 95% CI, 1.82-7.46) and hepato-cellular carcinoma at transplant (hazard ratio 2.38; 95% CI, 1.22-4.65) were independently associated with recurrence, whereas hepatitis D virus coinfection was inversely associated (hazard ratio 0.18; 95% CI, 0.08-0.43). Elective hepatitis B immunoglobulin dis-continuation was not associated with increased hepatitis B virus recurrence and was primarily performed in clinically selected low-risk patients. Posttransplant hepatitis B virus recurrence was associated with reduced overall survival.
Conclusions: In this long-term, real-world cohort, posttransplant hepatitis B virus recurrence was mainly driven by the pretransplant viral burden and oncological factors. Elective hepatitis B immunoglobulin discon-tinuation in carefully selected patients was not associated with increased recurrence, likely reflecting the underlying risk stratification rather than a causal protective effect. These findings support the use of individualized risk-based hepatitis B immunoglobulin strategies after liver transplant.