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TAHKIK İSLAMI İLIMLER ARAŞTIRMA VE NEŞIR DERGISI = TAHKIK JOURNAL OF CRITICAL EDITIONS OF ISLAMIC MANUSCRIPTS, vol.1, no.2, pp.1-47, 2018 (Peer-Reviewed Journal)
The literature of four premises (al-Muqaddimāt al-Arba‘a) that is started by Sadr al-Sharī‘ah (d.747/1346) and also is commented with an affective and criticizing footnote by Sa‘d al-Dīn al-Taftazānī (d.791/1390), centralizes the struggles of human beings in the form of connection with the problem of goodness-badness in the field of Kalam (Islamic Philosophy & logic) and Fiqh (Islamic Law). It is investigated in this treatise the matter having a very close relation with the problem mentioned above, the definitions, content, and relying on the extension of power/authority, action/practice, and will their existence, knowledge, and relation with other fields to fix the equation of free will-responsibility in its basis. In this context, there is an Arabic treatise in written form by Mohammed Al-Makki, one of the Sheikh Al-Islam (chief justice) of the ottoman empire in the age of the eighteenth century, named “Risalat fi sharah al-Muqaddimāt al-Arba‘a min Kitab al-Tavdhih” is specially appropriated with this tradition. This treatise starting with the analysis of concepts examines the basic claims and proofs of the schools of thought like Mu‘tazila, Jabariyya, Ash‘ariyya, and Maturidiyya respectively. It defines the common and different points of these approaches with comparison and discernment. Finally, it paves the road to interrogate the following laws of classical logic by putting in order the equivalent premises of the syllogism to the proofs of opinions related to Ash'aris and Maturidies. This article targets the treatise that is studied by our research through the registrations of the library with becoming bound to the basis of a scientific investigation depending on the only one manuscript that could be proved as to publish it the first time, to do a little analysis and to add a different contribution to this literature.