A Comprehensive Characterization of Particulate Matter, Trace Elements, and Gaseous Emissions of Piston-Engine Aircraft

Turgut E. T., Acikel G., Gaga E. O., Calisir D., ODABAŞI M., ARI A., ...Daha Fazla

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, cilt.54, sa.13, ss.7818-7835, 2020 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 54 Sayı: 13
  • Basım Tarihi: 2020
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00815
  • Dergi Adı: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, PASCAL, ABI/INFORM, Agricultural & Environmental Science Database, Applied Science & Technology Source, Aqualine, Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), Artic & Antarctic Regions, BIOSIS, Biotechnology Research Abstracts, Business Source Elite, Business Source Premier, CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, Computer & Applied Sciences, EMBASE, Environment Index, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, Geobase, Greenfile, MEDLINE, Pollution Abstracts, Public Affairs Index, Veterinary Science Database, DIALNET
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.7818-7835
  • Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

The gaseous and PM10 emissions of a piston-engine aircraft during ground operations at different engine states (six engine speed points and three air/fuel mixtures) representing certain flight phases were concurrently measured from the exhaust duct. PM10 emissions were sampled on a 47 mm-diameter polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter in order to be analyzed with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) to identify the presence and level of forty-eight elements. The most abundant element is found to be Pb (med = 4.6 X 10(6) ng m(-3)), which is 40 times the second most abundant element, Na (med = 1.1 x 10(5) ng m(-3)). The filters used for sampling exhaust gases tend to lighten with an increase in engine speed and leaning of the fuel mixture. The average of measured PM mass concentrations at all engine speeds were calculated to be 27.7 mg m(-3) (full-rich) > 26.7 mg m(-3) (best-power) > 24.7 mg m(-3) (best-economy). The total mass of the trace elements constitutes an average of 24.1 +/- 12.8% of the mass of PM. Electron microscope analyses suggest that the particles enriched by Al tend to agglomerate in a needle-shaped structure.