6th Annual General Assembly and Conference of the International-Association-of-Maritime-Universities, Malmö, Sweden, 24 - 26 October 2005, pp.169-177, (Full Text)
The ISPS Code came into effect on the 1st of July 2004. The overall objectives of the Code are to establish an international framework involving co-operation between contracting governments, government agencies, local administrations and the shipping industry to detect maritime security threats and take pro-active measures against potential terrorist attacks against ships and/or port facilities which are the vital instruments of the international trade.