Eastern Black Sea countryside is surrounded by unique architectural examples where the opportunities and challenges that nature offers to human beings are shaped by traditional building knowledge. However, the traditional rural architecture of the Eastern Black Sea region is under threat of extinction due to reasons such as migration, difficulty in obtaining original materials, property problems caused by multiple heirs, rapid urbanization, inadequate regulations for the protection of cultural heritage, decrease in traditional building crafstman and failure to develop new ones. These threatened traditional rural architectural examples must be revealed, documented with support of analyses to the protection of cultural heritage and its transmission to next generations. Kaleguney is a rural settlement in Besikduzu district that contains the traditional rural architectural qualities of the Eastern Black Sea Region in mosques, bridges, mills, residences and outhouses. The aim of this study is to reveal the architectural heritage qualities of the traditional rural dwellings of Kaleguney settlement and to leak the structural deterioration with examples in order to create the basis for its sustainable protection. Kaleguney traditional rural houses have been worn out as a result of factors affecting the deterioration of vertical and horizontal structural elements such as precipitation, humidity, failures in the design and application process, neglect, insect infestation of wood elements and mortar discharge.