Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS AND ENERGY RESOURCES: TURKEY AND GREECE, Baba,A (Baba,A) ; Bundschuh,J (Bundschuh,J) ; Chandrasekaram,D (Chandrasekaram,D), Editör, CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA, İzmir, ss.117-132, 2014
Hydrogeological units in the Gediz graben were divided into three main groups: Precambrian to Paleocene Menderes massif basement rocks, overlying Neogene terrestrial sediments, and Quaternary alluvium, from bottom to top. The Menderes massif rocks, which are composed of metamorphics and granodiorite, host the aquifer of the thermal waters. The Neogene sediments act as cap rock of the geothermal reservoirs. Heat sources of the systems might be related to the high thermal gradient caused by the graben structure of the area. Most of the thermo-mineral waters are of Na–HCO3 type. The dominant anion and cation are HCO−3 and Na+, respectively. Hydrogeochemical processes for the cold waters seem to be carbonate solution and silicate weathering reactions. As and B concentrations of the thermal waters of the study area are very high reaching 86 mg/L for B and 571.8μg/L for As.Water-rock interaction and degassing of magma can explain the high amount of boron and arsenic in the thermal waters. The high B and As concentrations of thermo-mineral waters cause environmental problems in groundwater aquifers, surface waters, and soils in agricultural areas (especially vinicultures) of the Gediz graben. To prevent boron and arsenic contamination of the water used for irrigation in the study area, reinjection of the produced thermal waters into the geothermal reservoir is necessary. Geothermometer results show that the minimum and the maximum aquifer temperatures of the study area are likely to be 80 and 250◦C, respectively. Aquifer temperatures of deep wells in the study area support geothermometer results. During the extraction and using stages of thermal waters in the study area, precipitation of carbonate minerals (calcite, aragonite, and dolomite) is the most critical scaling problem. The results show that carbonate scaling risk may start above ∼40–90◦C. To avoid scaling problems in reinjection wells and surface equipment, effluent water should be reinjected at suitable temperatures.