Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
TURKIYE JEOLOJI BULTENI-GEOLOGICAL BULLETIN OF TURKEY, cilt.60, sa.2, ss.145-168, 2017 (ESCI)
With each passing day, industrialization, the use of fossil fuels, uncontrolled agriculture and similar human activities are increasing. As a results of these activities, the nature is impacted by a number of changes and anthropogenic pollution. In this study, drilling core samples from the Izmit Bay (IZC-01) in the Sea of Marmara, Surmene (SC-01) and Hopa (HC-01) coasts in the Black Sea have been investigated with lithological, sedimentological, paleontological and geochemical perspectives. The concentrations of heavy metals as Ba, As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Ti and Zn were considered from total of 45 samples which are covering 15 samples from each three cores. PLI (Pollution load index) values are calculated by using the results of As, Ba, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Zn elements, stand out 3.255 for the Gulf of Izmit, 2,195 and 1,706 for Surmene and Hopa in respectively. PLI values indicate accepted level of pollution above for the Gulf of Izmit and despite being dirty Surmene and Hopa relatively less polluted. In addition, EF values indicate a significant enrichment of the As, M and Cr and moderate enrichment of Pb and Zn elements at Izmit Gulf. In locations Hopa and Surmene; As, Ba and Cr elements showing insufficient enrichment and Ni, Pb and Zn was observed a significant enrichment. Besides, pollution related gypsum crystallization is also remarkable for Maramara core. The abundance and diversity of paleontological records in the cores are also compatible in line with the decreasing and increasing rate of pollution. Towards the deepest part of the all 3 cores, a reduction in the concentrations of elements such as Pb, Zn, Cr and As is seen. Radiocarbon dates obtained, from the shells of these reduction levels are mesured in Surmene 420 +/- 55 (BP) and Hopa 500 +/- 50 (BP). In addition, results of the other previous studies based on sedimentation rate and these ages are compatible. These specified age ranges were compared with opinions in the literature which are related to the beginning of Anthropocene and because of the overlaping, these clearly observed levels have been interpreted as the limit of the possible Anthropocene time.