Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
International Journal of Systems Science: Operations and Logistics, cilt.13, sa.1, ss.1-34, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
This paper examines an intermodal transport problem characterised by key operational features, including scheduled maritime and rail transport services at seaport and rail terminals, flexible road transport, and temporary storage options at depots near these terminals to reduce high holding costs prior to scheduled departures. To address this challenge, we introduce an operational freight routing problem within a time-sensitive road-rail-maritime-depot intermodal transport network. We develop a novel mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to solve this problem and demonstrate its application through a case study on intermodal route planning for a customer order from Denizli, Türkiye, to Duisburg, Germany. The model generates Pareto-optimal solutions that balance time and cost objectives by selecting optimal schedules for liner vessels and trains while integrating road transport and warehousing alternatives. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis is also conducted to assess the robustness of the MILP model solutions with respect to variations in the cost and time parameters of the case problem. The proposed model improves efficiency and effectiveness in evaluating operational intermodal routing plans and offers a structured operational framework for enhancing intermodal transport operations.