Research Information System
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PREVENTION & REHABILITATION, vol.11, no.2, pp.101-112, 2004 (SCI-Expanded)
Background There is on-going debate about the wisdom of substituting smokeless tobacco products for cigarette smoking as a 'harm reduction' strategy. It is generally believed that health risks associated with smokeless tobacco use (ST) are lower than those with cigarette smoking. However, the population attributable risk of smoking is higher for cardiovascular diseases than for any cancers, and few studies or reviews have considered the cardiovascular outcomes of ST use. A systematic review was therefore carried out to highlight the gaps in the evidence base.