Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
4th Internatıonal Home Care Congress, İstanbul, Türkiye, 7 - 10 Aralık 2023, sa.7817, ss.66-68, (Özet Bildiri)
Introduction:
Today, in the first quarter of the 21st century, the Internet of Things (IoT) and the third industrial revolution or digital transformation are changing our lives at a great pace. In this process, other technological systems related to the "Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)" create socio-economic value with new opportunities/challenges in providing and maintaining qualified health care services to the individual/family/society (Laplante et al., 2018). IoMT is defined as smart, programmable and learning systems that connect “all things” in the field of healthcare and have the ability to interact more with people (Laplante et al., 2018). In Smart Healthcare Systems (SHS), IoT consists of “sensor, collector, communication channel, software/hardware product that provides external data, and decision trigger” (Voas, 2016). IoMI, on the other hand, challenges healthcare professionals, system designers and practitioners in terms of political, behavioral, physical, communicative, logical, structural and ethical aspects, with its nature, including biological data, calculations and physical/technological limitations. Governments make many legal regulations and publish and constantly update guiding principles such as security, privacy, equality and accessibility (FDA, 2023). SHS can “track people, objects, and human-object combinations in acute care, community-based care, and long-term care facilities (Laplante, et al., 2018). These systems can automatically measure, send, upload and interact with data. It even processes data with artificial intelligence (AI)/ machine learning (ML) and triggers decision makers. Confidentiality, security, and privacy are of particular importance in SHC systems due to the sensitive and personal nature of the information (Abernethy et al., 2022). In IoMT systems, the hierarchy of care-related attributes includes “security, accuracy, reliability, empathy, privacy and care”. It seems important to ensure the participation of all stakeholders (system engineers, computer scientists, doctors, nurses, and most importantly, patients in determining the needs) in defining the concept of care within a new healthcare system. It also points out that there is a strong need for domain expertise and deep interprofessional collaboration (nurses and engineers) in planning IoMT healthcare practices (Laplante & Kassab, 2022)
Aim:
The aim of this systematic review is to examine published studies on the use of SHS systems containing IoMT and AI/ML in healthcare applications.
Method:
In this systematic review, Turkish / English "IoMT," AI/ML, SHS and nursing care" keywords and combinations were searched from Academic Google, ULAKBİM, Pupmed, Scopus Web of Sciences databases. In academic Google, 2830 compilations/researches were reached between 2018 and 2023, and 47 of them, including two systematic reviews and different application examples, were examined without evaluation.
Results;
Remote diagnosis and video monitoring, use of drones (remotely controlled unmanned vehicles) for medical equipment transportation, continuous monitoring of inpatients, monitoring of psychiatric patients, waste management in the hospital, patient monitoring in the ambulance, sudden baby monitoring are examples of use of IoMT systems in reducing costs while improving patient care. It is emphasized that the use of health care applications such as CO2 monitoring in death syndrome, automatic prescription renewal with remote patient and drug dosage monitoring, using sensors as add-ons to glasses, and intraocular pressure monitoring in glaucoma can reduce costs, increase efficiency, and prevent readmissions in patients (Arora, 2020; Navaz, 2021). "Smart beds" that can detect when the patient is trying to get up, and alert systems that send data to the care team when medication is not taken (Laplante & Kassab, 2022), processing of heart and brain MRI with AI/ML techniques, assistive home robots that support the elderly and patients with memory disorders (Abernethy et al., 2022); Applications such as systems used in minimally invasive surgeries, endocardial tracking in ultrasound data, automatic detection of epileptic seizures before they start, and augmented reality in health education can be given as additional specific examples (Navaz, 2021). China responded to the COVID-19 epidemic by using 5G applications and building a new hospital based entirely on the cloud medical system. Securing the SHS was able to successfully detect intrusions with 95% accuracy with the ML-based software program (Basharat, et al., 2022). Smart healthcare systems (SHS) are used together and real-time data such as intensive care can be evaluated and disease management and prevention can be provided by implanting/wearable IoMT devices into the patient's body. It can be used with additional data security systems to this system (Srivastava, et al., 2022). Overall, IoMT-based SHS has significant potential benefits, such as next-generation healthcare, accelerating testing/treatment procedures, reducing the cost of doctor visits, effective response to various emergencies and the spread of pandemics, and improving the quality of patient care (Navaz, 2021).
Conclusion and recommendations:
IoMT technologies and AI /ML-based SCH is an emerging research field that has attracted the attention of researchers, industries, and governments worldwide for its potential to transform the healthcare sector into a productive ecosystem. As the world moves towards digital healthcare, IoMT technologies and AI and emerging technologies are recommended to be included in international and national public health planning guidelines. The challenges of adopting SHS appear to be improving the technical expertise of healthcare stakeholders, educating the public, and ensuring “privacy and security” in the exchange of health data. It is expected that digitally enhanced technologies that facilitate new self-care mechanisms will be adopted in the future.
Key words: Internet of Medical Things, IoTM, Nursing Care, SHS, Smart Healthcare Systems